Treatment consists of antibiotics and supportive treatment. Giving antibiotics should be based on microorganisms and their susceptibility test results.
For several reasons, namely:
- severe disease can be life-threatening
- pathogenic bacteria that succeed in isolation is not necessarily as a cause of pneumonia
- The result of culturing the bacteria need time, administration of antibiotics done empirically.
Treatment of patients with pneumonia depends on the severity of symptoms and type of cause of pneumonia itself.
1. Pneumonia caused by bacteria will be given antibiotic treatment. Treatment should be really really complete until no longer any symptoms or the results of X-ray and sputum no longer shows the existence of bacterial pneumonia, otherwise it will return someday suffered pneumonia.
2. Pneumonia caused by a virus will be given treatment similar to flu patients, but more emphasis to the provision of adequate rest and plenty fluid intake and good nutrition to help restore the immune system.
3. Pneumonia caused by fungus will get with the provision of anti-fungal treatment.
Besides giving other drugs to help reduce pain, fever and headache. Provision of anti-(suppressor) cough at the recommended low dose just enough to make the patient can rest sleep, because coughing will also help the cleaning process secresi mucossa (ripple / phlegm) in lung.
Saturday, December 25, 2010
Monday, December 20, 2010
Prevention Of Pneumonia
For people who are susceptible to pneumonia, breathing exercises and therapy to get rid of phlegm, can help prevent pneumonia.
Vaccination can help prevent certain types of pneumonia in children and adults who are at high risk:
- Pneumococcal vaccine (to prevent pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Flu vaccine
- Hib vaccine (to prevent pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b).
Prevention of Pneumonia in children:
In order not to develop into pneumonia, keep the child with a cough and pilik get enough to eat and drink a lot, keep the room smoke-free residence.
If the infant or child's breathing seemed normal that is not fast and not crowded, children simply treated at home. If a child's fever, can be given febrifuge. Clean regularly nostril before bedtime to keep the child breathe easier, the baby could sleep in the prone position.
So that children do not experience a cold or pneumonia, cough, keep the child from an infected person coughs, keep the child had good nutrition, give milk to babies or children aged 0-2 years, eating a diet containing vitamin A from yellow fruits and vegetables, provide immunizations in children according to time, keep the room in which to live children have clean air and adequate ventilation.
Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Pneumococcal vaccine is the only way to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia obtain. The vaccines available for children and adults.
Vaccines and immunization-immunization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you get the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine if you are in any groups of the following:
- You are aged 65 or older cope
- You have a long-term health problems such as serious heart disease, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, lung disease (excluding asthma), diabetes, or liver cirrhosis
- Your resistance to infection decreases caused by:
HIV infection or AIDS
- Lymphoma, leukemia, or other cancers
- Treatment of cancer with x-rays or drugs
- Treatment with medications long-term steroid
- Transplantation of bone marrow or organ
- Failed to marginal or kidney syndrome
- Damaged spleen or no spleen
Vaccination can help prevent certain types of pneumonia in children and adults who are at high risk:
- Pneumococcal vaccine (to prevent pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- Flu vaccine
- Hib vaccine (to prevent pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae type b).
Prevention of Pneumonia in children:
In order not to develop into pneumonia, keep the child with a cough and pilik get enough to eat and drink a lot, keep the room smoke-free residence.
If the infant or child's breathing seemed normal that is not fast and not crowded, children simply treated at home. If a child's fever, can be given febrifuge. Clean regularly nostril before bedtime to keep the child breathe easier, the baby could sleep in the prone position.
So that children do not experience a cold or pneumonia, cough, keep the child from an infected person coughs, keep the child had good nutrition, give milk to babies or children aged 0-2 years, eating a diet containing vitamin A from yellow fruits and vegetables, provide immunizations in children according to time, keep the room in which to live children have clean air and adequate ventilation.
Prevention of Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Pneumococcal vaccine is the only way to prevent pneumococcal pneumonia obtain. The vaccines available for children and adults.
Vaccines and immunization-immunization of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that you get the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine if you are in any groups of the following:
- You are aged 65 or older cope
- You have a long-term health problems such as serious heart disease, sickle cell disease, alcoholism, lung disease (excluding asthma), diabetes, or liver cirrhosis
- Your resistance to infection decreases caused by:
HIV infection or AIDS
- Lymphoma, leukemia, or other cancers
- Treatment of cancer with x-rays or drugs
- Treatment with medications long-term steroid
- Transplantation of bone marrow or organ
- Failed to marginal or kidney syndrome
- Damaged spleen or no spleen
Wednesday, December 15, 2010
Diagnosis of Pneumonia
Diagnosis of Pneumonia can be done through:
Clinical Overview
The symptoms of pneumonia similar for all types of pneumonia. The symptoms include:
- Fever and chills due to inflammatory processes
- A cough that is often productive and purulent
- Sputum rust-colored red or green with a distinctive odor
- Fatigue due to inflammatory reactions and hypoxia if the infection is serious.
The clinical picture is usually preceded by infection of acute upper respiratory tract for several days, followed by fever, chills, body temperature sometimes exceeds 400C, sore throat, sore muscles and joints. Also accompanied by cough, with purulent sputum mukoid or, sometimes bloody.
On physical examination, chest pain seen bagiam the time left to breathe with bronchial breath sounds are sometimes weakened. Ronkhi obtained fine, which later became ronkhi wet rough on the stage of resolution.
Radiological picture
Radiological picture in the photo thorax on pneumonia, among others:
- Perselubungan homogeneous or inhomogen accordance with a lung lobe or segment anantomis.
- The border firm, though at first less clear.
- Lung volume did not change, unlike lung atelectasis where shrinking. - No visible deviation of the trachea / septum / fissure / as in atelectasis.
- Silhouette sign (+): useful for determining location of pulmonary lesions; limit cardiac lesions with missing, mean lesion is adjacent to the heart or in the right lobe medius.
- Often due to complications of pleural effusions.
- When the occurrence of the inferior lobe, the sinus phrenicocostalis most recently exposed.
- At the beginning is often still visible vascular.
- In the resolution often seem Water Bronchogram Signing.
Diagnosis of pneumonia Diagnosis based on medical history, physical examination and investigation. Etiologik diagnosis, based on examination mikrobiologik and / or serologic as a basis for optimal therapy. But the discovery of bacteria that cause is not always easy therefore require adequate laboratory support, and if the inspection can be done even mikrobiologik not always causing germs can be found. Therefore the WHO to develop guidelines for clinical diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children. The goal is to simplify the diagnostic criteria into a small number of physical signs can be detected directly, create a system of classification of disease and determine the basis of antibiotic usage.
The diagnosis of pneumonia can be seen from the symptoms that occur in animals and by performing a physical examination. Information from chest examination with X-ray, blood tests, sputum culture also can help. Diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult if the animal suffered from other diseases. Sometimes a CT scan or other tests may be needed to distinguish pneumonia from other diseases.
Ikubasi period between 20-30 days, followed by symptoms of anorexia, decreased temperature, fever, decreased blood pressure, heart rate increased, decreased oxygen saturation, body weakness, weight decreased, shortness of breath, dry cough, and cyanosis. Mushrooms can be found from animals suffering from sputum or lung tissue is viewed with Giemza staining under a microscope. Roentgen examination and inspection by PCR will strengthen the determination of this diagnosis.
Clinical Overview
The symptoms of pneumonia similar for all types of pneumonia. The symptoms include:
- Fever and chills due to inflammatory processes
- A cough that is often productive and purulent
- Sputum rust-colored red or green with a distinctive odor
- Fatigue due to inflammatory reactions and hypoxia if the infection is serious.
The clinical picture is usually preceded by infection of acute upper respiratory tract for several days, followed by fever, chills, body temperature sometimes exceeds 400C, sore throat, sore muscles and joints. Also accompanied by cough, with purulent sputum mukoid or, sometimes bloody.
On physical examination, chest pain seen bagiam the time left to breathe with bronchial breath sounds are sometimes weakened. Ronkhi obtained fine, which later became ronkhi wet rough on the stage of resolution.
Radiological picture
Radiological picture in the photo thorax on pneumonia, among others:
- Perselubungan homogeneous or inhomogen accordance with a lung lobe or segment anantomis.
- The border firm, though at first less clear.
- Lung volume did not change, unlike lung atelectasis where shrinking. - No visible deviation of the trachea / septum / fissure / as in atelectasis.
- Silhouette sign (+): useful for determining location of pulmonary lesions; limit cardiac lesions with missing, mean lesion is adjacent to the heart or in the right lobe medius.
- Often due to complications of pleural effusions.
- When the occurrence of the inferior lobe, the sinus phrenicocostalis most recently exposed.
- At the beginning is often still visible vascular.
- In the resolution often seem Water Bronchogram Signing.
Diagnosis of pneumonia Diagnosis based on medical history, physical examination and investigation. Etiologik diagnosis, based on examination mikrobiologik and / or serologic as a basis for optimal therapy. But the discovery of bacteria that cause is not always easy therefore require adequate laboratory support, and if the inspection can be done even mikrobiologik not always causing germs can be found. Therefore the WHO to develop guidelines for clinical diagnosis and management of pneumonia in children. The goal is to simplify the diagnostic criteria into a small number of physical signs can be detected directly, create a system of classification of disease and determine the basis of antibiotic usage.
The diagnosis of pneumonia can be seen from the symptoms that occur in animals and by performing a physical examination. Information from chest examination with X-ray, blood tests, sputum culture also can help. Diagnosis of pneumonia is difficult if the animal suffered from other diseases. Sometimes a CT scan or other tests may be needed to distinguish pneumonia from other diseases.
Ikubasi period between 20-30 days, followed by symptoms of anorexia, decreased temperature, fever, decreased blood pressure, heart rate increased, decreased oxygen saturation, body weakness, weight decreased, shortness of breath, dry cough, and cyanosis. Mushrooms can be found from animals suffering from sputum or lung tissue is viewed with Giemza staining under a microscope. Roentgen examination and inspection by PCR will strengthen the determination of this diagnosis.
Friday, December 10, 2010
Symptoms of Pneumonia
Pneumonia have symptoms that vary, not the typical show pneumonia.Gejala infection associated with pneumonia include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. While the signs of suffering from pneumonia can be known after undergoing X-ray examination (Rongent) and sputum examination.
The symptoms can be divided into 2:
- General symptoms: fever, cough, runny nose, hoarseness, sore throat. Then, the higher the heat, the more severe cough, rapid breathing, rib muscle tension, shortness of breath and patients become bluish (cyanosis).
- Respiratory symptoms: headache, abdominal pain and vomiting (in children over 5 years)
Symptoms of Pneumonia in infants and children
In infants who breathe with the ventilator: the amount of mucus increases, the body temperature goes up - down. In infants (aged under 1 year) sign - a sign of pneumonia are not specific, not always found fever and cough. Pneumonia is an acute infectious process of the lung tissue (alveoli). The occurrence of pneumonia in children is often in conjunction with the process of acute infection in the bronchi (bronchopneumonia). Symptoms of this disease in the form of rapid breathing and shortness of breath, because suddenly inflamed lung. Limit fast breathing is a respiratory frequency of 50 times per minute or more in children aged 2 months to less than 1 year, and 40 times per minute or more in children aged 1 year to less than 5 years. In children under the age of 2 months, no known diagnosis of pneumonia.
Serious pneumonia characterized by coughing or breathing difficulty accompanied, shortness of breath or withdrawal of the lower chest wall into the (severe chest indrawing) in children aged 2 months to less than 5 years. In this age group is also known Pneumonia is very serious, with symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing accompanied by symptoms of central cyanosis and can not drink. As for children under 2 months, severe pneumonia is characterized by respiratory frequency of 60 times per minute or more or (also accompanied by) a strong drawdown in the lower chest wall inward.
The symptoms can be divided into 2:
- General symptoms: fever, cough, runny nose, hoarseness, sore throat. Then, the higher the heat, the more severe cough, rapid breathing, rib muscle tension, shortness of breath and patients become bluish (cyanosis).
- Respiratory symptoms: headache, abdominal pain and vomiting (in children over 5 years)
Symptoms of Pneumonia in infants and children
In infants who breathe with the ventilator: the amount of mucus increases, the body temperature goes up - down. In infants (aged under 1 year) sign - a sign of pneumonia are not specific, not always found fever and cough. Pneumonia is an acute infectious process of the lung tissue (alveoli). The occurrence of pneumonia in children is often in conjunction with the process of acute infection in the bronchi (bronchopneumonia). Symptoms of this disease in the form of rapid breathing and shortness of breath, because suddenly inflamed lung. Limit fast breathing is a respiratory frequency of 50 times per minute or more in children aged 2 months to less than 1 year, and 40 times per minute or more in children aged 1 year to less than 5 years. In children under the age of 2 months, no known diagnosis of pneumonia.
Serious pneumonia characterized by coughing or breathing difficulty accompanied, shortness of breath or withdrawal of the lower chest wall into the (severe chest indrawing) in children aged 2 months to less than 5 years. In this age group is also known Pneumonia is very serious, with symptoms of cough, difficulty breathing accompanied by symptoms of central cyanosis and can not drink. As for children under 2 months, severe pneumonia is characterized by respiratory frequency of 60 times per minute or more or (also accompanied by) a strong drawdown in the lower chest wall inward.
Sunday, December 5, 2010
Cause Of Pneumonia
There are several causes of pneumonia. On estimate there are approximately 30 causes include pneumonia can be caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasite (parasite). Pneumonia can also be caused by pain of chemicals or physical injury to the lungs, or as a result of other diseases, such as lung cancer or excessive alcohol drinking.
The most common cause is bacteria, viruses, fungi, micoplasma, protozoa, rickets and foreign objects. Generally travel pneumonia caused by injury or infection in the lower respiratory tract that causes inflammation. Bacteria can also be found in healthy human throat. If the body's defense is weak after years of smoking and drinking alcohol or recovering from other illnesses, so the lungs become vulnerable to germs everyday.
Microorganism infection or foreign objects that enter the lungs and attacking inflamation air pockets. Since inflammatory fluid into the alveoli lung cavity, also called consolidation. When there is infection quickly spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body. Pneumonia may also occur due to aspiration of gastric contents, water or other irritation. High-risk factors affected by pneumonia were upper respiratory tract infection, old age, alcoholism, smoking, nutritional deficiencies and chronic disease chronic.
Blood tests can often help to determine what causes pneumonia (whether bacterial or viral). X-ray photograph with your child on the chest to confirm the diagnosis. If your child is suffering from pneumonia, the results of x-ray photograph will show the existence of fluid (consolidation) in the lungs.
The most common cause is bacteria, viruses, fungi, micoplasma, protozoa, rickets and foreign objects. Generally travel pneumonia caused by injury or infection in the lower respiratory tract that causes inflammation. Bacteria can also be found in healthy human throat. If the body's defense is weak after years of smoking and drinking alcohol or recovering from other illnesses, so the lungs become vulnerable to germs everyday.
Microorganism infection or foreign objects that enter the lungs and attacking inflamation air pockets. Since inflammatory fluid into the alveoli lung cavity, also called consolidation. When there is infection quickly spreads through the bloodstream throughout the body. Pneumonia may also occur due to aspiration of gastric contents, water or other irritation. High-risk factors affected by pneumonia were upper respiratory tract infection, old age, alcoholism, smoking, nutritional deficiencies and chronic disease chronic.
Blood tests can often help to determine what causes pneumonia (whether bacterial or viral). X-ray photograph with your child on the chest to confirm the diagnosis. If your child is suffering from pneumonia, the results of x-ray photograph will show the existence of fluid (consolidation) in the lungs.
Wednesday, December 1, 2010
Introduction Of Pneumonia
Pneumonia is a disease of the lungs where the pulmonary alveoli (alveoli) responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere become inflamed and filled with fluid. Pneumonia can be caused by several causes, including infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Pneumonia can also be caused by pain of chemicals or physical injury to the lungs, or as a result of other diseases, such as lung cancer or excessive alcohol drinking.
Symptoms associated with pneumonia include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostic tools including X-rays. Treatment depends on the cause pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria treated with antibiotics.
Pneumonia is a common disease, which occurs in all age groups, and is the top ranked causes of death among the elderly and people with chronic illness. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia can be obtained. Individual prognosis depends on the type of pneumonia, appropriate treatment, complications, and health.
One case of pneumonia that have a high mortality rate at present is a case of pneumonia caused by bird flu.
Symptoms associated with pneumonia include cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Diagnostic tools including X-rays. Treatment depends on the cause pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs caused by bacteria treated with antibiotics.
Pneumonia is a common disease, which occurs in all age groups, and is the top ranked causes of death among the elderly and people with chronic illness. Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia can be obtained. Individual prognosis depends on the type of pneumonia, appropriate treatment, complications, and health.
One case of pneumonia that have a high mortality rate at present is a case of pneumonia caused by bird flu.
Thursday, November 25, 2010
Treatment of Heart Disease With Honey
Honey reduces the risk of heart disease, based on preliminary study published in the Journal of Medicinal Food "(2004, 1:100-7). Some scientific studies suggest the consumption of honey can reduce blood pressure causing heart disease.
Honey for some people to cause obesity, high LDL and high blood pressure resulting in heart disease. Why? Because honey has a sweet taste from sucrose, glucose and fructose. We know that consuming excess sucrose is believed to increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and high blood pressure. Sucrose also reduces beneficial HDL and increase triglyceride levels. Fructose have the same effect with sucrose.
Disinalah wonders of bee honey, sugar-gulaan such as sucrose, glucose and fructose contained in the honey actually healthful. Bees produce pure honey with flowers to suck nectar rich in sugar but bee-gulaan the processing of sugar-gulaan it first in the belly of a bee. After the nectar is processed in the honey bee's body, then remove honey bees from inside his stomach. So sugar-gulaan contained in honey is processed in the stomach first, so honey bees can be absorbed directly into our blood. Based on scientific research, honey can be absorbed into the blood about 10 minutes. This can be proved if we are tired after exercise then our bodies pure honey drink quickly feel refreshed.
Besides honey contains sugar-gulaan also contain many potentially beneficial enzymes such as amino acids, honey contains bee pollen, propolis, beeswax and nutrients derived from plants and bee body itself.
Some of the chemicals in the blood can be used to monitor the level of risk of heart disease. Several years earlier, and LDL cholesterol levels have been used to monitor the level of heart disease and recently homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been added as a cause / factor for heart disease. People with high homocysteine levels have high levels of heart disease, cancer and some other dangerous disease.
Homocysteine levels can be lowered by vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid. High CRP levels are also able to predict heart disease. CRP level increase caused by smoking, high blood pressure, obesity and chronic gum disease.
So eating sucrose, glucose and fructose may increase the risk of heart disease, this study recommends eating honey is not only safe but in fact actually heart healthy.
Honey for some people to cause obesity, high LDL and high blood pressure resulting in heart disease. Why? Because honey has a sweet taste from sucrose, glucose and fructose. We know that consuming excess sucrose is believed to increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance and high blood pressure. Sucrose also reduces beneficial HDL and increase triglyceride levels. Fructose have the same effect with sucrose.
Disinalah wonders of bee honey, sugar-gulaan such as sucrose, glucose and fructose contained in the honey actually healthful. Bees produce pure honey with flowers to suck nectar rich in sugar but bee-gulaan the processing of sugar-gulaan it first in the belly of a bee. After the nectar is processed in the honey bee's body, then remove honey bees from inside his stomach. So sugar-gulaan contained in honey is processed in the stomach first, so honey bees can be absorbed directly into our blood. Based on scientific research, honey can be absorbed into the blood about 10 minutes. This can be proved if we are tired after exercise then our bodies pure honey drink quickly feel refreshed.
Besides honey contains sugar-gulaan also contain many potentially beneficial enzymes such as amino acids, honey contains bee pollen, propolis, beeswax and nutrients derived from plants and bee body itself.
Some of the chemicals in the blood can be used to monitor the level of risk of heart disease. Several years earlier, and LDL cholesterol levels have been used to monitor the level of heart disease and recently homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been added as a cause / factor for heart disease. People with high homocysteine levels have high levels of heart disease, cancer and some other dangerous disease.
Homocysteine levels can be lowered by vitamin B6, B12 and folic acid. High CRP levels are also able to predict heart disease. CRP level increase caused by smoking, high blood pressure, obesity and chronic gum disease.
So eating sucrose, glucose and fructose may increase the risk of heart disease, this study recommends eating honey is not only safe but in fact actually heart healthy.
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