Cause Heart Disease

Coronary heart disease was initially caused by the accumulation of fat in the blood vessel walls in the heart (coronary arteries), and this is gradually followed by various processes such as hoarding network belt, blood clots, etc.., All of which will be narrowed or clogged blood vessels them. This will lead to the heart muscle in those areas lacking blood flow and can cause a variety of serious consequences, from angina pectoris (chest pain) to heart infarction, which in community known as heart attack that can cause sudden death.

Some of the most important risk factor for coronary heart disease:
- Total and LDL Cholesterol Levels High
- Low HDL Cholesterol Levels
- High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
- Smoking
The risk of heart disease from smoking is equivalent to 100 pounds overweight - so it is not possible to equate the two.
- Diabetes Mellitus
Most people with diabetes die not because of increased blood sugar levels, but because the condition of their heart complications.
- Obesity
Central obesity (belly fat) is a form of obesity. Although all obese people tend to have an increased risk of heart disease, people with obesity was even more so.
- History of heart disease in the family lineage
History of heart attack within the family is often a result of abnormal cholesterol profiles.
- Unhealthy Lifestyle / Lack of exercise
Bad lifestyle is one of the root causes of heart disease - and replace them with physical activity is one of the most radical step that can be taken.
- Stress
Many studies have shown that, when facing a tense situation, there may be life-threatening heart arithmias.
- Entering the age of 45 years for men.
It is important for men to realize their vulnerability and take positive action to prevent future heart disease.
- For women, entered the age of 55 years or premature menopause (as a result of the operation).
Women began following the men in terms of risk of heart disease after menopause.

When you carry one or more risk factors mentioned above, you are encouraged periodically check your heart health to an expert. The existence of two or more risk factors would be multiplied times the total increase risk of coronary heart disease.

Introduction of Heart Disease

Rheumatic heart disease is a condition where cardiac valve damaged by rheumatic fever.
Congenital heart disease is a type of defect or abnormality in one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occur before birth. This defect occurs when the fetus develops in the womb and affects 80-10 of every 1,000 children. Congenital heart defects may produce symptoms at birth, during childhood, and sometimes not until adulthood. Approximately 500,000 people in the U.S. adult congenital heart disease.

Heart attack is the cessation of blood flow, even if only for a moment, that led to the heart, and causes some heart cells to die.
Heart disease is the number one cause of death in adults in the United States. Each year, in the United States:
1.5 million people suffered heart attacks.
478,000 people die from coronary heart disease.
407 000 people experience the transition operation.
300,000 people undergo angioplasty.
Heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease is a deadly disease. Worldwide, the number of people with this disease continues to grow. The three categories of disease is not out of an unhealthy lifestyle that a lot done in line with the changing pattern of life.
These factors trigger a heart attack is smoking, eating foods high cholesterol, lack of movement, supine exercise, stress, and less rest.

Heart attack is a condition when the damage suffered by the heart muscle (myocardium) due to very sudden decrease in blood supply to the heart muscle. Reduced blood supply to the heart suddenly can occur when one of the coronary artery blockage was for some time, either due to spasm - coronary tighten artery - or due to blood clots - thrombus. Sections of heart muscle that is usually supplied by a pulse which block stop functioning properly immediately after splasme subsides by itself, the symptoms disappeared completely and heart muscle function completely normally again. This is often called crescendo angina or coronary insufficiency. Conversely, if the blood supply to the heart stops altogether, the cells in question experienced a permanent change in just a few hours only and referred to the heart muscle is severely degraded or permanently damaged. Muscles of the dead is called infarction.

Stroke Management

In caring for stroke patients, there are a few things to note in relation to the circumstances experienced by patients. All this is done for convenience and create conditions so that patients recover faster. Things that need to do:
- Position the body in a state lying on his side (lateral decubitus)
- Avoid giving food or drink orally
- Avoid permanent catheter placement.

Treatment of Acute Stroke Patients

Acute-phase treatment program conducted with the initial step of acute stroke treatment. First focus on general medical resuscitation ABC.

A. Water Way
The first action in dealing with acute stroke patients is to assess the respiratory system. Examination of the water-way includes the area of the mouth, such as food scraps, dentures or foreign objects blocking the water way sufferers.

Way the water issue generally occurs in patients with bleeding strokes. For patients with ischemic stroke, water-way is usually stabilkecuali on brain stem infarction or recurrent seizures. To avoid blockage of water on the way stroke patients are not aware, the patient should be in the lateral decubitus position, mild hyperextension neck, and shoulders lifted, aspirated secretions, endotracheal testing. If intubation required more than 3 days, the tracheostomy may be considered.

B. Breathing
All stroke patients are given supplemental oxygen 1-2 liters per minute through the nose until there is blood gas analysis. Then adjusted with a target partial Pa O2> 80-100 mmHg. Oxygen delivery in patients with stroke is generally beneficial, because the brain requires a lot to carry oxygen metabolism. Levels of carbon dioxide Pa CO2 = 30-35 mmHg.

C. Circulation
After the action of water-way and oxygenation, then the next important also is to improve circulation and brain perfusion adequately in a way keep cardiac output and blood pressure. Then checked state of circulation such as blood pressure and pulse.

Examination Stroke

In treating stroke patients, need to be considered so that the treatment process or tahapam right on target:
- The acute phase: usually lasts between 4-7 days. Target patient survived
- Phase of recovery: after the acute phase had passed, the next is pemulihanyang phase lasts about 2-4 weeks. Target patient bekajar disturbed motor skills and learn new adjustments to compensate for limitations.
- Rehabilitation: target to continue the recovery process to achieve improved physical ability, mental, social and speaking skills.
- Phase Everyday life: after the acute phase is exceeded, then the preventive therapy to avoid recurrence of acute stroke.

Hospital Handling
Handling of hyperacute phase of stroke patients should be performed in a hospital. Actions taken at the hospital depends on the type and weight experienced a stroke. Patients may be encouraged to stay to find out the cause of the stroke. Although patients must stay in the hospital, does not mean a stroke will bring harm or disability. Stroke is not always predictable, and may take several days to find out clearly against the possibility further. Hospital doctors will take some action to ensure that the diagnosis was a stroke, not other diseases whose symptoms are similar to stroke such as brain tumors, epilepsy, migraine. The doctor will perform several checks:
- CT-scan (computerised tomography scanning)
- MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
- ECG / EKG (electrocardiograph)
- EEG (electroencephalogram)
- Blood tests
- Angiogram or arteriogram
- Roentgen rays

State of the patient as a whole should also be considered include hemoglobin, electrolytes, albumin, cleanliness of the respiratory tract and urinary tract.

Stroke Diagnosis

The diagnosis is usually based on the course of the disease and results of physical examination. Physical examination can help determine the location of brain damage. Inspection procedures to be performed should not much time for too long, for the sake of minimizing the loss of time between the onset of disease and the start of therapy.

Examination Support
CT-scan should be performed on sema patients with suspected acute stroke. CT-scan without contrast to distinguish ischemic stroke, hemorrhage and stroke. At the stroke of bleeding, lesions form hiperdens. While in ischemic stroke, lesions form hipodens or normal. It should be noted that about 5% of stroke subarachnoid hemorrhage CT-scan can be normal, so we need punksi lumbar examination. Cerebrospinal fluid in subarachnoid hemorrhage of blood red.

Differential Diagnosis
Some diseases that need to be considered because it has symptoms similar to acute stroke:
- Trauma to the head or neck
- Meningnitis / encephalitis (brain infection)
- Hypertensive encephalopathy / brain disorders due to hypertension
- Intracranial mass: tumor, hematoma
- The attack seizures with a temporary nerve disorder
- Migraine with temporary neurological disorders
- Metabolic Disorders: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, heart post-ischemia, toxic poisoning, endocrine disorders / myxedema, uremia
- Psychiatric Disorders
- Shock accompanied by hypoperfusion of the central nervous

Advanced Stroke Symptoms

Here are the symptoms of a stroke that is more detailed:
- The offensive focal neurological deficits, weakness or paralysis of the arm, or one side of the body.
- Loss of taste or abnormal sensations in the arm or one side of the body. Side numbness, cramp, was on fire.
- Mouth, tongue can not be straight.
- Impaired swallowing, difficulty swallowing, hard to drink.
- Talk is not clear, difficult to speak, the spoken word is not as you wish, nasal, aphasia. Talk is not smooth, just a few words were spoken.
- It's hard to think or say the right words.
- Not understanding the speech of others.
- Not able to read, write and do not understand the writing.
- Unable to count, decreased intelligence.
- Not able to recognize parts of the body.
- Loss of bladder control.
- It's hard to walk.
- Forgetful (dementia)
- Vertigo
- Start of rapid disease, sudden
- Loss of vision, vision be disturbed, dark vision
Eyelids open hard-
- Hearing loss or hearing loss
- Become more sensitive
- Always wanted to sleep
- Loss of balance, body movements are not well coordinated
- Disturbance of consciousness, fainting