Symptoms of diabetes can occur in children or young adults and in adults over 40 years. Sometimes it is felt only mild symptoms. Diabetes is usually found during a general medical check up). Patients with type 1 diabetes is usually found in children and young adults and badanya thin. Instead of type 2 diabetes found in those of normal weight or overweight.
Generally, symptoms and signs of diabetes were divided into two groups: early symptoms and chronic symptoms.
1. Early symptoms of diabetes include:
- Weight loss and feeling weak or tired
- Frequently urinating (poliuri) at night with the number of lots
- Drink plenty of water (polidipsi)
- Many food (polifagi)
2. Chronic symptoms of diabetes include:
- Impaired vision, blurred vision
- Peripheral nerve disorders, often feel pain in your feet
- Itching and boils
- Thick skin
- Impaired sexual function, erectile disorder, impotence
- Leucorrhoea, female patients often whitish and feels itchy
The early symptoms of diabetes associated with the direct effects of high levels of sugar blood . If blood sugar levels up to above 160-180 mg / dL, glucose will not come into the urine. If levels are higher, the kidneys will get rid of extra water to dilute a large amount of glucose is lost. Because the kidney produces excessive amounts of urine, the patient became frequent urination in large quantities (poliuri). Poliuri symptoms especially at night, when our blood sugar levels relatively higher than during the day. Poliuri result, patients feel excessive thirst so much to drink (polidipsi).
Symptoms of the less prominent is a lot to eat (polifagi). Because a large number of calories lost, the patient experienced weight loss. To overcome this, patients often feel hungry so much eating (polifagi).
Tuesday, July 13, 2010
Sunday, July 11, 2010
The occurrence mechanism of Diabetes
Everyday we eat foods that contain carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Which will be metabolized and the body to produce energy used for physical activity and brain.
Glucose obtained from food would enter into pancreatic beta cells through GLUT2 transporter molecules. So that stimulates insulin secretion. In these cells, glucose will be burned into energy to perform daily activities. When there is insulin resistance, a series of reactions that activate the GLUT4 in muscle cells, heart and fat does not happen, so the sugar remains in the blood.
In the first hours after a meal, blood sugar increases and then decreases again due to the insulin work the muscle to turn it into sugar, and after two hours of blood sugar is normalized. When disturbed insulin work and not working properly, then two hours after a meal blood sugar remained high. This condition is called diabetes. Indeed the cause of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not known with certainty.
Expenditure insulin regulated by glucose levels in the blood that occurs after eating. Glucose level above 70mg/dL been influential in the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. If this situation continues, the insulin will continue to be produced and enter the blood, so the hyper-insulinemia. Then the pancreas will be no longer able to produce enough insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels remain high, called the disturbance of glucose tolerance (IGT). IGT with hyperglycemia was found after eating (postprandial) and at the time of fasting. Failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin was also influenced by genetic and elevated levels of free fatty acids in the fat and diabetic.
Diabetes Mellitus is not a contagious disease, but heredity. But that does not mean the child of two parents with diabetes will suffer from diabetes as well. Someone likely to suffer from diabetes when experiencing the following conditions:
- Both or one parent or sibling had diabetes
- A body fat
- Age above 40 years
- Hypertension and cholesterol
- There are disorders of glucose tolerance
- Women with gestational diabetes
- History class using corticosteroid drugs
- History of measles virus infection
Glucose obtained from food would enter into pancreatic beta cells through GLUT2 transporter molecules. So that stimulates insulin secretion. In these cells, glucose will be burned into energy to perform daily activities. When there is insulin resistance, a series of reactions that activate the GLUT4 in muscle cells, heart and fat does not happen, so the sugar remains in the blood.
In the first hours after a meal, blood sugar increases and then decreases again due to the insulin work the muscle to turn it into sugar, and after two hours of blood sugar is normalized. When disturbed insulin work and not working properly, then two hours after a meal blood sugar remained high. This condition is called diabetes. Indeed the cause of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus is not known with certainty.
Expenditure insulin regulated by glucose levels in the blood that occurs after eating. Glucose level above 70mg/dL been influential in the release of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. If this situation continues, the insulin will continue to be produced and enter the blood, so the hyper-insulinemia. Then the pancreas will be no longer able to produce enough insulin. As a result, blood sugar levels remain high, called the disturbance of glucose tolerance (IGT). IGT with hyperglycemia was found after eating (postprandial) and at the time of fasting. Failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin was also influenced by genetic and elevated levels of free fatty acids in the fat and diabetic.
Diabetes Mellitus is not a contagious disease, but heredity. But that does not mean the child of two parents with diabetes will suffer from diabetes as well. Someone likely to suffer from diabetes when experiencing the following conditions:
- Both or one parent or sibling had diabetes
- A body fat
- Age above 40 years
- Hypertension and cholesterol
- There are disorders of glucose tolerance
- Women with gestational diabetes
- History class using corticosteroid drugs
- History of measles virus infection
Friday, July 9, 2010
Diabetes Causes
Diabetes occurs when the body does not produce enough insulin to maintain normal blood sugar levels, or the cells do not provide an appropriate response to insulin.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus produces little insulin or produces no insulin at all. The majority of type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs before the age of 30 years. The scientists believe that environmental factors (viral infections or nutritional factors) causes the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This occurs because of genetic predisposition. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, 90% of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells permanently damaged. The result is a severe shortage of insulin, so patients must get regular insulin from outside.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the pancreas still produces insulin. Sometimes the levels are higher than normal. However, the body develops immunity to its effects, resulting in relative insulin deficiency.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 can be in children and adults. But usually occurs after age 30 years. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are obese. Because 80% -90% of patients are obese. This type of diabetes also tend to heredity.
Other causes of diabetes:
- High levels of corticosteroids
- Pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
- Medicines
- Poisons that affect the formation or the effects of insulin
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus produces little insulin or produces no insulin at all. The majority of type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs before the age of 30 years. The scientists believe that environmental factors (viral infections or nutritional factors) causes the immune system destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This occurs because of genetic predisposition. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, 90% of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells permanently damaged. The result is a severe shortage of insulin, so patients must get regular insulin from outside.
In type 2 diabetes mellitus, the pancreas still produces insulin. Sometimes the levels are higher than normal. However, the body develops immunity to its effects, resulting in relative insulin deficiency.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 can be in children and adults. But usually occurs after age 30 years. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus are obese. Because 80% -90% of patients are obese. This type of diabetes also tend to heredity.
Other causes of diabetes:
- High levels of corticosteroids
- Pregnancy (gestational diabetes)
- Medicines
- Poisons that affect the formation or the effects of insulin
Wednesday, July 7, 2010
Diabetes Definitions
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease marked by high glucose in the blood, because the body is unable to release or use insulin adequately. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by increased blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia) cause amount or disturbed insulin function. Because the disease known as diabetes mellitus and patients often sweet urinating. This occurs because excessive sugar content exceeds the limit in the blood, urine with removed through the kidneys.
Blood sugar levels in the body varies throughout the day. Blood sugar will rise after a meal and return to normal within two hours after eating. Normal blood sugar levels on the morning of 70-110 mg / dL. Blood sugar levels less than 120-140 mg / dL two hours after eating or drinking liquids that contain sugar other carbohydrates. Sugar levels tend to increase, but progressively after age 50 years, especially those who are less active or less exercise.
Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas organ, located in the abdominal cavity near the intestine. Is the main substance responsible for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Insulin works to change blood sugar into muscle and stored into a cell or tissue, which is used to produce energy or stored as energy reserves in the form of muscle sugar.
Elevated levels of blood sugar after eating or drinking stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. Thereby preventing the increase in blood sugar levels and cause more blood sugar levels have declined steadily. At the time of physical activity, blood sugar levels can also be decreased because the muscles use glucose for energy.
According to the American Diabetes Association / World Health Organization (ADA / WHO) there are four types of diabetes, which are grouped according to cause:
1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: beta cell damage caused by the pancreas due to autoimmune reaction. In this type of insulin is not produced.
2. DM type 2: for insulin resistance, the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface is reduced, although the amount of insulin is not diminished. This causes glukosa can not enter the cells although insulin is available. This situation is caused by obesity, especially central type, a diet high in fat and low carbohydrate, less exercise, heredity.
3. DM specific types: for specific genetic abnormalities, pancreatic disease, other endocrine disorders, because the effects of drugs, chemicals, viral infections.
4. Gestational diabetes: diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy.
The classification in any other way is based on the history of the disease. Than normal blood sugar levels (normoglikemia) until there was an increase in blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Ie disturbance of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), which does not need to be controlled hyperglycemia insulin, hyperglycemia that need to be controlled by insulin, hyperglycemia requiring insulin for survival.
Blood sugar levels in the body varies throughout the day. Blood sugar will rise after a meal and return to normal within two hours after eating. Normal blood sugar levels on the morning of 70-110 mg / dL. Blood sugar levels less than 120-140 mg / dL two hours after eating or drinking liquids that contain sugar other carbohydrates. Sugar levels tend to increase, but progressively after age 50 years, especially those who are less active or less exercise.
Insulin is a hormone released by the pancreas organ, located in the abdominal cavity near the intestine. Is the main substance responsible for maintaining normal blood sugar levels. Insulin works to change blood sugar into muscle and stored into a cell or tissue, which is used to produce energy or stored as energy reserves in the form of muscle sugar.
Elevated levels of blood sugar after eating or drinking stimulates the pancreas to produce insulin. Thereby preventing the increase in blood sugar levels and cause more blood sugar levels have declined steadily. At the time of physical activity, blood sugar levels can also be decreased because the muscles use glucose for energy.
According to the American Diabetes Association / World Health Organization (ADA / WHO) there are four types of diabetes, which are grouped according to cause:
1. Type 1 diabetes mellitus: beta cell damage caused by the pancreas due to autoimmune reaction. In this type of insulin is not produced.
2. DM type 2: for insulin resistance, the number of insulin receptors on the cell surface is reduced, although the amount of insulin is not diminished. This causes glukosa can not enter the cells although insulin is available. This situation is caused by obesity, especially central type, a diet high in fat and low carbohydrate, less exercise, heredity.
3. DM specific types: for specific genetic abnormalities, pancreatic disease, other endocrine disorders, because the effects of drugs, chemicals, viral infections.
4. Gestational diabetes: diabetes that occurs only during pregnancy.
The classification in any other way is based on the history of the disease. Than normal blood sugar levels (normoglikemia) until there was an increase in blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Ie disturbance of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG), which does not need to be controlled hyperglycemia insulin, hyperglycemia that need to be controlled by insulin, hyperglycemia requiring insulin for survival.
Monday, July 5, 2010
Sugar and Functions
The food we eat is generally contain three main elements namely kerbohidrat, fat and protein. Of the three elements that are the source of energy is karbohidat such as sugar, starch and cellulose. Sugar in the body serves as the main source of energy to move, a source of energy for brain cells and nerve tissue, forming the muscle sugar as reserve energy body, also to form protein and fat.
Sugar in the blood primarily derived from carbohydrate fraction contained in food. Carbohydrate sugar molecules can be divided into two main sections:
1. Single sugar / monosaccharide, a sugar with a single sugar molecule. Included here are glucose and fructose.
2. Sugar compound, consisting of two groups:
- Disaccharide or carbohydrates with two molecules of sugar, eg sucrose and lactose
- Polysaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of more sugar molecules, eg
starch, cellulose and glycogen
The process of absorption of sugar from food sources can be divided into two stages.
- Phase one: the food you eat into the digestive tract of the stomach and intestines, where the sugar compound modified with a single sugar
- Phase 2: single sugar from sugar mejemuk result changes through capillary blood vessels penetrate the bowel wall and into the venous blood vessels. That's why a single sugar will have a direct effect on improving blood sugar when consumed.
Consumed sugar levels will be kept in balance by the hormone insulin produced by pancreatic beta cells in the stomach. Insulin will alter the single sugar is absorbed into the body of the sugar compound. Some are stored in the liver and a small portion of the brain as a major energy reserves. If blood sugar is still excessive, it will be converted into protein and fat, then stored as a second reserve for the body.
In a healthy condition, when fasting blood sugar levels ranging from 80-120 mg%, while 1 day after eating will reach 170 mg% and two hours after a meal will decrease until it reaches 140 mg%. If low blood sugar called hypoglycemia, and if high blood sugar is called hyperglycemia.
Sugar in the blood primarily derived from carbohydrate fraction contained in food. Carbohydrate sugar molecules can be divided into two main sections:
1. Single sugar / monosaccharide, a sugar with a single sugar molecule. Included here are glucose and fructose.
2. Sugar compound, consisting of two groups:
- Disaccharide or carbohydrates with two molecules of sugar, eg sucrose and lactose
- Polysaccharide, a carbohydrate consisting of more sugar molecules, eg
starch, cellulose and glycogen
The process of absorption of sugar from food sources can be divided into two stages.
- Phase one: the food you eat into the digestive tract of the stomach and intestines, where the sugar compound modified with a single sugar
- Phase 2: single sugar from sugar mejemuk result changes through capillary blood vessels penetrate the bowel wall and into the venous blood vessels. That's why a single sugar will have a direct effect on improving blood sugar when consumed.
Consumed sugar levels will be kept in balance by the hormone insulin produced by pancreatic beta cells in the stomach. Insulin will alter the single sugar is absorbed into the body of the sugar compound. Some are stored in the liver and a small portion of the brain as a major energy reserves. If blood sugar is still excessive, it will be converted into protein and fat, then stored as a second reserve for the body.
In a healthy condition, when fasting blood sugar levels ranging from 80-120 mg%, while 1 day after eating will reach 170 mg% and two hours after a meal will decrease until it reaches 140 mg%. If low blood sugar called hypoglycemia, and if high blood sugar is called hyperglycemia.
Saturday, July 3, 2010
Introduction Of Diabetes (2)
Diabetes Mellitus has been known since long. The name diabetes was first recognized by the Greek health experts, namely Celcus and Areteus. The name at that time due to diabetes in people who drink a lot and urinate a lot. In the world of medicine known as Diabetes Mellitus term.
Diabetes mellitus is known as a chronic disease caused by disturbances in the system metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. Metabolic disturbances caused by the lack of production or resistance of body cells to insulin. The hormone insulin was discovered by Dr. Frederick Banting and Prof.. Charles Best from England in 1921.
The role of insulin in the process of metabolism is to convert sugar into energy and fat synthesis. Low insulin state body, resulting in an excess of sugar in the blood, called hyperglycemia. Excess sugar is removed from the body through the urine, because it is called diabetes. And produced substances to excess ketones and acids. Substances ketones and acids that cause excessive thirst constantly, lots of urine, weight loss.
In normal conditions, pancreatic efficiently regulate blood sugar levels on an ongoing basis. If the pancreas produces little insulin only, arising from diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can be helped to overcome with good treatment, good nutrition and healthy living.
In type 2 diabetes, many things we can do to control it, but few realize it. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or can be well controlled through healthy diet and healthy lifestyle choices.
Diabetes mellitus is known as a chronic disease caused by disturbances in the system metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the body. Metabolic disturbances caused by the lack of production or resistance of body cells to insulin. The hormone insulin was discovered by Dr. Frederick Banting and Prof.. Charles Best from England in 1921.
The role of insulin in the process of metabolism is to convert sugar into energy and fat synthesis. Low insulin state body, resulting in an excess of sugar in the blood, called hyperglycemia. Excess sugar is removed from the body through the urine, because it is called diabetes. And produced substances to excess ketones and acids. Substances ketones and acids that cause excessive thirst constantly, lots of urine, weight loss.
In normal conditions, pancreatic efficiently regulate blood sugar levels on an ongoing basis. If the pancreas produces little insulin only, arising from diabetes. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus can be helped to overcome with good treatment, good nutrition and healthy living.
In type 2 diabetes, many things we can do to control it, but few realize it. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or can be well controlled through healthy diet and healthy lifestyle choices.
Thursday, July 1, 2010
Introduction to Diabetes (1)
Currently, health care becomes very important to the community. Health information is very important for general masyarakay is informasri of Diabetes Mellitus. The public needs to know the causes, symptoms, isk factors and ways of prevention of diabetes mellitus. Because if not then the complications can do, arise and threaten the safety of the soul.
Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, fat and protein. Diabetes is marked by an increase in blood glucose in a sudden and very risky heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and nerve dysfunction. Diabetes occurs because the organ pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when cells of the body resistant to insulin.
Insulin is a hormone that works to absorb the blood glucose into body cells. If insulin levels are low or the body's cells less sensitive to insulin, so blood glucose can not enter the cells and remained high in the blood. Continuing high blood sugar can cause various complications that can threaten the safety of the soul.
There are many fundamental questions about the general gannguan diabetes, physical activity, type of food and eating habits, medications, how to control blood sugar levels, and complications from diabetes. Everything will be explained in this blog.
Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, fat and protein. Diabetes is marked by an increase in blood glucose in a sudden and very risky heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and nerve dysfunction. Diabetes occurs because the organ pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when cells of the body resistant to insulin.
Insulin is a hormone that works to absorb the blood glucose into body cells. If insulin levels are low or the body's cells less sensitive to insulin, so blood glucose can not enter the cells and remained high in the blood. Continuing high blood sugar can cause various complications that can threaten the safety of the soul.
There are many fundamental questions about the general gannguan diabetes, physical activity, type of food and eating habits, medications, how to control blood sugar levels, and complications from diabetes. Everything will be explained in this blog.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)